Teaching Philosophy Essay -- Education Essays Papers

Instructing Philosophy I take a totally humanistic view with regards to teaching youngsters. I accept that Maslow was right in his conviction that individuals really endeavor to arrive at the most significant level of their abilities. I likewise accept that everybody can arrive at his/her self-completion if their lower chain of command of necessities are met first. I need to concentrate on three things: Maslow's levels, how they influence youngsters and instructors, and what I feel is the best apparatus we can give our understudies before they head out into the universe of freedom. The principal level of Maslow's pyramid is fundamental physiological needs. I realize that few out of every odd youngster will stroll into my study hall having these requirements satisfied, and for me to anticipate that them should increase a lot on the off chance that anything from an exercise would be silly. I am likewise extremely mindful of the way that I, myself, have never been really eager. I have never gone every day without food. It is difficult to comprehend the appetite another person feels when you have never encountered that all devouring idea of food firsthand. These are needs that are frequently accepted to be the parent's obligation and possibly they are, however I am going to attempt my best to be a merciful enough individual to not burn through my time passing judgment on my understudy's folks and essentially help that kid satisfy his/her fundamental needs. The subsequent level is the need to have a sense of security. This is something I genuinely feel I can control. An understudy may not feel safe comfortable, in his/her neighborhood, in the lobbies of the school, or even on the play area, however I will give it my best shot to impart a feeling of network in my study hall so my understudies comprehend that we need to cooperate to make our homeroom a place of refuge. This isn't only for the good of the children either. I... ...r own. Generally, we help put the singularity in little people. In conclusion, the best device we can provide for our youngsters and understudies is the capacity to be a decent leader. The capacity to use sound judgment doesn't occur incidentally. Kids must be given decisions. Beginning with settling on one bit of treats and another, and afterward working up from that point. A few people may appear to have been brought into the world with this one of a kind blessing, however in truth, individuals must be educated to gauge the upsides and downsides of a circumstance before making a move. They need to rehearse this procedure routinely. Controlling one's imprudent choice conduct and persistently working an issue through to a sound end takes long stretches of molding one's personalities. We, as instructors and guardians, have thirteen years of school to help youngsters in learning this significant exercise. I state, How about we get the chance to work.

Comparing and Contrasting Mitosis and Meiosis Essay Example

Looking into Mitosis and Meiosis Essay Example Looking into Mitosis and Meiosis Paper Looking into Mitosis and Meiosis Paper Mitosis is characterized as the procedure of cell multiplication driving new cells indistinguishable as far as the number and example of qualities and chromosomes. Meiosis then again is type of cell proliferation that prompts the development of cells having diverse quality examples as just 50 percent of chromosomes are from the first cell (Rieder, 1999). Both mitosis and meiosis are comparable in that as strategies for multiplication both outcome into new cells or life forms. In mitosis, this is acknowledged by parting the cell into two indistinguishable cells. Then again, by joining two unique cells and afterward partitioning, meiosis replicates new cells. Therefore, both lead to development and proliferation on cell-based living beings (Cregan, 2010). All things considered, these two propagation strategies are very extraordinary. In the first place, mitosis, as split of cells manages development and renewal of body organs and tissues particularly in multi-cell living beings (Rieder, 1999). This is on the grounds that it prompts production of indistinguishable cells for tissue development while meiosis includes making of ovum and sperm cells for the reasons for propagation. Also mitosis and meiosis have the subsequent little girl cells being of various chromosomal examples. Mitosis includes the parting of a cell hence it produces little girl cells with two complete arrangement of chromosomes and of the equivalent hereditary markup (Cregan, 2010). Despite what might be expected, because of brushing and parting, meiosis have its little girl cells having just half of the first cell’s chromosomes. What's more, mitosis is most appropriate for multiplication process by single cell life forms. This is on the grounds that the procedure guarantees indistinguishable generation of cells both in qualities and number of chromosomes. Then again, meiosis can for multi-basement life form and can't be helpful for tissue renewal. References Cregan, E. (2010). About Mitosis and Meiosis. New York: Teacher Created Materials. Rieder, C. (1999). Mitosis and Meiosis. San Diego, California: Academic Press.

Role of Stakeholders in Strategic Planning Process Essay

Job of Stakeholders in Strategic Planning Process - Essay Example These will likewise regulate steps which will ask of the nearby publics to act as needs be so as to request a reaction which isn't just fittingly determined yet in addition equipped to accomplish their dynamic interest. These stay a portion of the significant fixings behind understanding the important domains, as these will tackle the premise of IUCN over the long haul. The natural debasement, inspiring of worldwide gauges and comparative different activities will be supported tremendously if the partners are told about the exact key arranging process which will be established. When the key arranging process is started, IUCN’s partners need to concede to its various statements with the goal that undertakings become simpler and more sensible than they would be at the beginning of such a key arranging process (Ghobadian, 2002). The key fixings that would be required on their part are an understanding that IUCN’s vital arranging procedure would convey results in the event that it is allowed to show itself. Additionally there will be a far reaching viewpoint of how the qualities and shortcomings weigh alongside each other. This will place things in correlation and ask of the partners to think about things which are of pith in advance. The significant jobs that these partners will play incorporate the premise of their concurrence with the vital arranging process for IUCN just as making ready forward for accomplishing the end destinations and objectives of the vital arranging process. It will help put things in legitimate viewpoint and ask IUCN to devise a firm procedure in any case. Their jobs would contain a greater amount of dynamic than bringing a feeling of business for IUCN. In this way appropriate meaning of doling out jobs would place things into legitimate point of view and resolve issues which stay principal to its motivation (Hussein, 2008). Concerning IUCN, it is one of the most looked for after names inside the

Does Globalisation of the media offer more or less opportunities for democracy? Essay

We live in the public arena today where the media has an alarmingly enormous impact by they way we see the world, and how our feelings are shaped, regardless of whether it is from what we watch on TV to who we vote in favor of. The media has assisted with making our general public a popular government by putting accentuation on issues that at one phase in time would have been viewed as carefully private issues, for example, labor, homosexuality, youngster care, aggressive behavior at home, and lewd behavior. Because of this majority rule government we presently take a gander at legislative issues, and are increasingly dynamic in whom we need in office, and how we need our kids to be raised. The globalization of the media has expanded our entrance to data about individuals and occasions far and wide, however in the process it has additionally moved issues on what ought to or ought not be in the open domain.1 The media plays out a basic part in our majority rule government socially, strategically, financially and socially. It is the principle wellspring of political data and permits us to get to political discussion. It permits us as a group of people to be educated and to partake by they way we ought to see things. Vote based system needs the media to furnish individuals with a wide scope of suppositions, examination and discussions on significant issues. It needs the media to have the option to consider the assorted variety of the crowd, and it needs the media to be responsible for what is happening around them, and to be differing and conscious by they way they convey these issues to crowds. 2 The expanded data given to crowds has a ‘democratising effect’, preparing crowds enthusiastically, which thusly has critical ramifications for governments and organizations. Global relations and occasions in our majority rule government are increasingly noticeable and straightforward, have progressively local arrangement repercussions and include the open all the more frequently. While the globalized media has a major influence in our vote based system, and has been portrayed by the enormous financial extension and specialized development it has additionally caused numerous issues for vote based system. There is an expansion in imbalance, social and social tumult and individual distance. The computerized transformation and presentation of new advances are reclassifying our thoughts of legislative issues truly, however they are likewise rethinking the organizing powers in the public arena. Progressively power lives in the hands of those that can deliver, control and spread data the most successfully. This returns to Marx’s hypothesis that the individuals who control the world oversee it. While the multiplication of interchanges and expanded worldwide reliance may make worldwide getting, uniformity and concordance it doesn’t essentially imply that there is an expansion in human correspondence and co-activity. On the off chance that anything it is prompting the substitution of conventional structures, for example, family religion, and the network with one that are as far as anyone knows more relevant.3 There are too barely any transnational media aggregates commanding the world media, and less than 24 media combinations represent most of our papers, magazines, movies, TV and radio. With just a couple of large aggregates managing everything the media has become a vehicle utilized for business misuse. There has been a consistent increment of commercialisation of sports, expressions, and instruction. This is upsetting when crowds are going to the media to disclose to us how to cast a ballot, and how the administration is being run. The media is continually utilized by these aggregates to spread existing structures and qualities, which are predominant universally and underline the free-advertise economy and the industrialist liberal majority rules system. The spread of the media has in actuality separated hindrances to correspondences and universal business, and makes it increasingly hard for governments and administrative bodies to shield their societies and social orders from commercialisation and advertising.4 The primary combinations have made the media exceptionally thought. Organizations, for example, Times-Warner, Disney and Viacom have such assorted media possessions that they own both the methods for creation and appropriating, further thinking the news sources and the data that we get through the broad communications. The media is vertical where creation and dissemination organizations are permitted to claim different sorts of systems, stations, and TV channels. The media should be unbiased yet how might they be so impartial when organizations appear to disregard the significant job that culture and social qualities play in forming data. How might they be unbiased when just a couple of aggregate organizations run them? The decisions made regularly by government authorities, media makers and merchants figure out what subjects are secured, what they need us to know and what they don’t need us to know, what data is chosen and how it is depicted. The straightforward decision of one story over another isn't simply prudent and proficient yet additionally political.5 The decisions that the media makes in introducing stories figures out what turns out to be a piece of its crowds common cognizance and what esteems and thoughts come first to the overall population. Be that as it may, these decisions are not made by what they think the open needs however dependent on their own convictions, and reflect social, social and national qualities and character. The broad communications is seen as a way to expand assorted variety, majority rules system and the intensity of the person. However increasingly more it appears that the media is a vehicle being utilized by the legislature and the makers to control the network and publicize. It is expected that the more TV slots we have, the more assorted the data we get. In any case, this is a misguided judgment, as Western Products, Hollywood qualities and promoting overwhelm about the entirety of the media. More regularly now than not the data that is transmitted by the media is infotainment and publicizing. The media is utilized with the goal that crowds think that its progressively hard to affect approaches, objectives and bearings of their own social, financial and political foundations. As referenced the media is possessed by transnational enterprises that order tremendous economies, run from the top and are interlinked in different manners. Their first intrigue is benefit, and to build a crowd of people of a specific kind. One that is dependent on a specific way of life with counterfeit needs. Their essential capacity is offering crowds to promoters. They don’t bring in cash from their memberships. They bring in cash when a publicist pays them. They put stock in free market standards for other people, yet not for themselves. The significant partnerships in each general public depend intensely on state appropriation and state intervention.6 Making a benefit from their publicizing expenses implies that news sources are affected by different corporate interests. News inclusion and other media content is in this manner influenced. Stories can wind up being one-sided or precluded with the goal that they don’t insult their sponsors or their proprietors. Corporate media is definitely not something beneficial for vote based system when there is a danger of an expanded monetary and political impact that gets unapproachable for. That is an extraordinary worry in vote based system. Organizations, for example, Newslimited and Times-Warner are huge to such an extent that they have the ability to stop different organizations setting in on what they think about their turf. Times-Warner claims everything from Cable TV to sports groups and littler organizations that don’t have these choices find that they can not contend in the media advertise. The issue with this is with scarcely any organizations in complete force they are the ones settling on the choices to what data is scattered to people in general, and this is done however what they think will make them a benefit, and what will be valuable to them. Organizations, for example, News Corp expounded on the heroics of the War on fear based oppression, and the Iraq War since it was useful for them to help the U.S Government. The data separated through to crowds was one-sided on the grounds that it wasn’t explaining to individuals why there was a war, yet that we ought to be supporting it. This was done in light of the fact that it would make them benefit, and work in support of them. This was additionally appeared in 1998 when Rupert Murdoch by and by interceded to forestall one of the organizations that he possessed, HarperCollins, from distributing the journals of previous Governor of Hong Kong, Chris Patton. He affirmed that it was on the grounds that he didn’t need the diaries to irritate the Government, yet it was in reality since it may endanger designs by News Corp to have future development in China.7 Firms in the media business contend with one another, however they additionally cooperate to lessen rivalry and in actuality the nine biggest American firms have joint endeavors with about six of the other eight monsters. Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp has in any event one joint endeavor with each other of his rivals. This isn't an engaging thought for we, as the crowd has little state in what is created. It additionally tragically it shows that the principle reason to our media is just to bring in cash for those colossal organizations in control. If so then by what means would journalists be able to be shielded from the business interests of their proprietors? What's more, in what manner would information be able to be sifted through uniformly without inclination when media proprietors wish to offer their space to the most elevated sponsor. Writers guarantee to give perusers the news that they believe is imperative to their lives, yet in truth will in general be aiding the way toward changing over Journalism into the sort of buyer news and data that publicists want.8 Worldwide combinations, for example, Times-Warner, News Corp, Sony, Viacom, Bertelsmann, and AT and T affect our way of life, particularly when they are entering countries that have been firmly constrained by an effectively degenerate media framework or countries that have noteworthy restriction over media, for example, China. The Global organizations don’t have regard for convention or custom particularly on the off potential for success that it has in the method of benefits. Another issue with having such a globalized media in our majority rule government is that the media produ

SIPA Faculty Member Wins an Emmy in Digital Documentary Category COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Faculty Member Wins an Emmy in Digital Documentary Category COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Many students at SIPA are interested in the use of media as it relates to policy objectives.   This interest is met through our specialization in International Media, Advocacy, and Communications (IMAC). Adjunct SIPA professor Craig Duff, who teaches in SIPA’s IMAC specialization, recently won an Emmy.   He shares an Emmy for his work at TIME â€" three online videos called the Iconic Photo series. The following comes from the Letter from the Editor section of TIME: TIME has a long history of innovation in visual media â€" which continues to this day. In 1937 we won an Oscar for our March of Time newsreels. On Sept. 27, 2010, we won an Emmy in the new digital documentary category, for three online videos called the Iconic Photo series. The series was produced and edited by Craig Duff, TIME.coms director of multimedia, who accepted the award alongside photographer Anthony Suau, whose image of a young man hammering at the Berlin Wall in 1989 was the subject of one of the videos. The idea, Duff says, is to bring famous images to life in a new medium, with the same attention to reporting and storytelling that we have always been known for. Read more: http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2022500,00.html#ixzz112pzumTg

Benefits of Adopting a Vegetarian Diet Essay - 1650 Words

Benefits of Adopting a Vegetarian Diet (Essay Sample) Content: Benefits of a Vegetarian DietNameCourseInstructorDateBenefits of Adopting a Vegetarian DietA vegetarian diet can be defined as a meal made up of foods, which mainly come from plants including vegetables, whole grains, fruits, legumes, nuts, and seeds. In the past, people used to focus more on the risks and dangers of vegetarian diets rather than their benefits. However, in the contemporary world, nutritionists have shifted their attention to the benefits of vegetarian diets or even the benefits of vegetarian lifestyles. The reason for this dramatic shift is because of the increasing number of studies with sound data on the benefits one can reap from vegetarian foods. Benefits associated with vegetarian foods arise from the lower intake of animal protein and cholesterol, and the higher intake of complex dietary fiber, carbohydrates, folic acid, magnesium, and vitamin C and E (Blake, 2009). This paper intends to discuss the benefits people can get from a vegetarian diet .To start with, studies have indicated that it is possible to ward off diseases by adopting a vegetarian diet. Vegetarian diets play a crucial role in preventing and treating diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, as well as minimizing the risk of diseases like cancer. Researchers have shown that vegetarian foods have the capability of stopping the progression of coronary-artery disease or even prevent it entirely. According to studies done by the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of death across the globe. For instance, in 2012, approximately 17.5 million people die from cardiovascular diseases, representing almost 31% of the reported deaths globally. Out of these deaths, 7.4 million occurs as a result of coronary heart diseases. However, the mortality rate for coronary heart disease among vegetarians is lower than in non-vegetarians because vegetarians consume less cholesterol and animal fat, which cause blockages in the arteries leading to heart failure (WHO/Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), 2015). Vegetarian diets also help people to keep weight down because they contain fewer calories compared to animal products. Eating lots of veggies, fruits, and whole grains makes an individual feel full on fewer calories than the recommended amount per day. The calorie deficit combined with little physical activity can help an individual to shed some pounds. Obesity has become a global problem, and it is causing at least 2.8 million deaths each year. Overweight people are also at a higher risk of obese related diseases such as stroke, heart disease, and diabetes (WHO.int, 2015). Consequently, it is advisable to adopt vegetarian diets in order to avoid such adverse consequences of obesity. Another benefit of going vegetarian is that it will be possible to keep the environment safe and conducive for survival. Everyone needs clean water and a pollution free environment. However, human activities such as livestock keepin g highly contribute to serious environmental problems including water and air pollution. Livestock keeping consumes high amounts of energy; water; land, and it produces greenhouse gasses, which are detrimental to the environment. The good news is that it is possible to solve part of environmental problems by adopting vegetarian diets. Plants purify the air by consuming carbon dioxide and producing oxygen which is needed by other living things for survival. They also make and preserve soil (Pence, 2001).In addition, vegetarian diets contain fewer amounts of chemical substances such as pesticides, compared to animal products. Research indicates that the pesticide content in meat is 14 times more than in plant foods. This is because pesticides are easily stored in fatty tissues. Studies have also shown that the percentage of pesticide chemicals increases up the food chain. In 1974, the U.S. Food and Drug Agency found out that all dairy products contained approximately 85% of dieldrin, a poisonous chemical substance used to kill insects, which is among the most potent of all cancer-causing agents discussed in the modern science. Furthermore, one of the EPAs studies showed that breast milk from vegetarian women had lower levels of pesticides compared to the average Americans. The study also showed that the average American breast-fed infant ingest 9 times the permissible amount of dieldrin. To avoid such high intake of pesticides and other related chemicals, nutritionists recommend that people should eat more vegetarian foods and consume less animal products (Robbins, 1998). Over the last few decades, vegetarian diets have been associated with a longer life expectancy. In one of the studies published in JAMA Internal Medicine, which is a Journal of the American Medical Association, people who adopted vegetarian foods lived longer than those who had animal products in their diets. The participants of the study were 73,308 members of the Seventh Day Adventist Church, which is known for supporting vegetarian foods, although some of its members do not follow that teaching. The participants were monitored for a period of 6 years. Researchers recorded the types of foods each participant ate, and number of the participants who died as well as what caused their deaths. The results of the study indicated that participants who adopted vegetarian foods had 12% fewer deaths, and were 19 percent less-likely to die from heart disease than those who consumed animal products (Johnson, 2013). In addition, residents of Okinawa in Japan are said to have the longest life expectancy than any other Japanese and even across the globe because of consuming low-calorie diet containing fruits, vegetables, soy, and unrefined complex carbohydrates (Singhal, 2015). Vegetarians foods such as soybeans and soynuts; calcium set tofu, Chinese cabbage, mustard greens, kale, broccoli, collards, and okra, are among the known sources of well-absorbed calcium. Calcium is crucial m ineral needed in the body and it is used mainly in building and strengthening bones. Although health specialists recommend dairy products because of their high calcium content, people who fear the adverse effects of dairy products such as artery blockage, can get this essential mineral from the above stated vegetarian foods (Blake, 2009). Moreover, going vegetarian can help one reduce the chances of contracting food-borne diseases. As per the studies done by the U.S. Center of Disease Control, diseases associated with food products cause almost 76 million diseases and approximately 5,000 deaths in the United States annually. Some of the causes of the food-borne diseases illnesses include bacteria, parasites, metals, toxins, and prions, most of which are contained in animal products (Food-Related Illness and Death in the United States, 2015). Fibre which is a key component of vegetarian foods is needed in the body to keep the digestive system healthy as well as prevent digestions complications such as constipation. Consuming adequate amounts of foods containing fiber assists in normalizing bowel movements, reducing the risks of inflammatory bowel diseases, and helps in maintaining a healthy colon/digestive tract. Dietary fiber softens stool and increases its weight enabling it to pass through the intestinal tract, and as a result it minimizes strained bowel movements. Fiber also plays a key role in weight management and maintaining the recommended blood cholesterol levels. Foods with high amounts of fibre take a longer time to chew, making a person feel fuller quickly. The high content of fibre in food also keeps people feeling full for a long time, and this means by the end of the day, the amount of calories consumed will reduce (Singhal, 2015).Vegetarian diets help women to ease the symptoms associated with menopause. Menopause is usually associated with symptoms such as hot flushes, insomnia, sweating, impairment of memory, anxiety, and fatigue. In the lo ng term some women may experience a decline in libido, heart disease, osteoporosis, and even dementia because of reduction in the estrogen levels. However, the good news is that such health conditions can be controlled by adopting vegetarian diets. Some vegetarian foods such as apples, cherries, beets, garlic, dates, plumes, olives, squash, raspberries, and yams, contain high amounts of phytoestrogens, a plant-based chemical that assists in controlling the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. Consequently, women who adopt such foods have a comfortable passage through menopause (BBC Good Food, 2015). Since plant products are relatively cheap compared to animal products, going vegetarian can help a person to boost his/her savings. Spending on vegetables, fruits, and grains instead of buying 200 pounds of fish, beef, or chicken, can help one save a substantial amount of money. This is because plant foods are usually sold in bulk and they do not fetch high prices in most m arkets. Moreover, vegetarian foods enable the body to have more energy, without gaining too much weight. Balanced vegetarian diets usually generate more usable energy for the body without causing adverse side effects s...

Fault Definition and Examples in Geography

A fault is a fracture in rock where there has been movement and displacement. When talking about earthquakes being along fault lines, a fault lies at the major boundaries between Earths tectonic plates, in the crust, and the earthquakes result from the plates movements. Plates can slowly and continuously move against each other or can build up stress and suddenly jerk. Most earthquakes are caused by the sudden movements after the stress buildup. Types of faults include dip-slip faults, reverse dip-slip faults, strike-slip faults, and oblique-slip faults, named for their angle and their displacement. They can be inches long or extend for hundreds of miles.  Where the plates crash together and move underground is the fault plane. Dip-Slip Faults With normal dip-slip faults, the rock masses compress on each other vertically, and the rock that moves heads downward. They are caused by Earths crust lengthening. When theyre steep, theyre called high-angle faults, and when theyre relatively flat, theyre low-angle or detachment faults. Dip-slip faults are common in mountain ranges and rift valleys, which are valleys formed by plate movement rather than erosion or glaciers. In April 2018 in Kenya a 50-foot-wide crack opened up in the earth after periods of heavy rain and seismic activity, running for several miles. It was caused by the two plates that Africa sits upon moving apart. Reverse Dip-Slip Reverse dip-slip faults are created from horizontal compression or contracting of Earths crust. Movement is  upward instead of downward. The Sierra Madre fault zone in California contains an example of reverse dip-slip movement, as the San Gabriel Mountains  move up and over the rocks in  the San Fernando and San Gabriel valleys. Strike-Slip Strike-slip faults are also called lateral faults because they happen along a horizontal plane, parallel with the fault line, as the plates slip by each other side by side. These faults are also caused by horizontal compression.  The San Andreas Fault is the worlds most famous; it splits California between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate and moved 20 feet (6 m) in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. These types of faults are common where land and ocean plates meet.   Nature vs. Models Of course, in nature, things dont always happen in perfect black-or-white alignment with the models to explain the different types of faults, and many  may have more than one type of motion. However, the action along faults may fall predominantly into one category. Ninety-five percent of the motion along the San Andreas fault is of the strike-slip variety, according to the United States Geological Survey.   Oblique-Slip When theres more than one type of motion simultaneously (shearing and up or down motion—strike and dip) and both types of motion are significant and measurable, that is the location of an oblique-slip fault. Oblique-slip faults  can even have rotation of the rock formations relative to each other. Theyre  caused both by shearing forces and tension along the fault line. The fault in the Los Angeles, California, area, the Raymond fault, was thought to have been a reverse dip-slip fault. After the 1988 Pasadena earthquake, though, it was found to be an oblique-slip because of the high ratio of the lateral movement to the vertical dip-slip.

Should Performance Enhancing Drugs Be Legal in Sports

Someone once said If you are not cheating, then you are not trying hard enough. Many athelete wants to do better and therefore, they use steroids. Performance of enhancing drugs should be legal because it helps to boost up energy which helps athelete to play for a long period of time without getting tired. Some may argue that taking steroids lower the muscles strength and increases blood pressure but, I disagree. Steroids helps to increse the bodys ability to utlize protein, it allows athlete to train harder and anabolic steroids are anti-inflammatories and have a effect on repairing injuries. Its not wrong to cheat, if you are cheating for a good reason. Many athelete take steroids in order to do better in the field. In the article What you really need to know about anabolic steriods states that, Anabolic steroids allows athelete to train harder. Many people get tired after training for few hours but taking sterioids can help anyone to train for a long time without getting overtrai ned. If a person use anabolic steroids u will get stronger and will be able to compete harder. Some athelete even said if steriods was around during them, they could have done much better and maybe extend their career. Anabolic steroids can reduce fat, increase strength and it can also save lives. Athelete should be allowed to take performace of enhancing drugs. Steroids are not always bad for people. Some doctors even recomend steroids for people who are underweight and wants to gainShow MoreRelatedShould Athletes Be Stripped Of Their Titles And Medals For Using Sports Enhancing Drugs?1497 Words   |  6 PagesShould athletes be stripped of their titles and medals for using sports-enhancing drugs? Do sports-enhancing drugs actually improve the athlete’s natural abilities to the extent where their abilities are no longer natural? 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Pediatricians or trainers can play a huge role in helping the athlete or player that is using or taking performance enhancing drugs. By taking factual info about the true benefits and medical problems of these drugs and giving information about healthy food and working out. Tries to create a change

Ethical Issues of the Enron Scandal A Potential Solution

Ethical Issues of the Enron Scandal: A potential solution Enrons entire scandal was based on a foundation of lies characterized by the most brazen and most unethical accounting and business practices that will forever have a place in the hall of scandals that have shamed American history. To the outside, Enron looked like a well run, innovative company. This was largely a result of self-created businesses or ventures that were made off the balance sheet. These side businesses would sell stock, reporting profits, but not reporting losses. Treating these businesses off the balance sheet meant that Enron pretended that these businesses were autonomous, separate firms. But, if the new business made money, Enron would report it as income. If the new business lost money or borrowed money, the losses and debt were not reported by Enron (mgmtguru.com). As the Management Guru website explains, these tactics were alls designed to make Enron look like a more profitable company and to give it a higher stock price. Unfortunately, scandals like Enron ar e not isolated incidents and the last decade has offered Americans a disheartening perspective with comparable scandals like that of WorldCom and Tyco, Sunbeam, Global Crossing and many more. Companies have a concrete responsibility not just to their investors but to society as a whole to have practices which deter corporate greed and looting and which actively and effectively work to prevent such things from happening. ThisShow MoreRelatedLegal And Regulatory Environments And Ethics1712 Words   |  7 Pagesattention should be paid on the ethical standards, corporate governance feature and codes of ethical conduct. 2. Title: The Press as a Watchdog for accounting fraud Press plays a major role in today world and almost each and every report is published in press. Therefore it is an essential source to publicize the information and to spread the information. However press is always in search for reports so they can publish it. Same thing happened in the accounting scandals where press plays a major roleRead MoreEthical Issues Faced By Enron Should Have Be Aware Of Certain Risk Factors1301 Words   |  6 PagesFacing Ethical Problems Head On Enron should have be aware of certain risk factors can lead to unethical behavior. Top management must adhere and emulate the highest ethical standards. In order to stop unethical behavior within an organization, there must be a way employees to discuss their experiences with someone outside the organization. This creates a firewall between employees and management where fear of retribution for their actions does not exist. Addressing unethical behavior quickly andRead MoreArthur Andersen: Failure to Report Accurately Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesEnron Corporation has been accused of cooking the books and overstating company profits in its financial reports. In addition, Enron’s trading business adopted mark-to-market accounting, which meant that once a long-term contract was signed, income was estimated as the present value of net future cash flows, even though in some cases there were serious questions about the viability of these contracts and their associated costs. Author Andersen provided both consulting and auditing services whichRead MoreEthical Dilemma in Consulting Essays1406 Words   |  6 Pagesreason. Just look at the headlines: Rajat Gupta Scandal, Anil Kumar and Rajaratnam scandal, Enron, Worldcom, Health South, Great depression, financial crisis due to unethical behaviour by the banks etc. All of these cases are related to consultants either directly or indirectly and they occurred due to the moral fallacy of some of them. Ethics is an extremely relevant value in business and consulting. The presence of recognized ethics and/or ethical practices tends to diminish the need for informativeRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper1082 Words   |  5 Pagesresides in an important set of our own personal values. When it comes to Business matter and operation the customer must feel confidence and this has been taken for granted several times on recent corporate scandals and collapses, a perfect example of missed conducted ethic and responsibility is Enron. Is extremely important for companies to incorporate ethics and responsibilities to their strategic planning. Strategic planning using ethics and responsibility corresponds to company who are engaged withRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act ( Sox )1604 Words   |  7 PagesFraudulent financial reporting has gained substantial attention from the public after the scandals of many high profile companies in the 21st century. Periodic cases of financial statement fraud rais e concerns about the credibility of financial reports and are as a result of problem in the capital markets, a dropping of shareholder value, and, the bankruptcy of the company. Thus, to respond to the public pressure over acts of corporate offense, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was enacted in 2002. SOXRead MoreThe Demise Of The Andersen Accounting1746 Words   |  7 PagesThe Enron scandal was one of the most notorious bankruptcies of all time. Many people know about the energy titan’s downfall but less realize that it was also one of the biggest auditing blunders in American corporate history, leading to the dissolution of the Arthur Andersen LLP, which at the time was one of the five largest auditing and accountancy partnerships in the world. The most intriguing aspect of this case is that Andersen was eventually cleared by the United States Supreme Court, yet theRead MoreDishonesty in Business ENvironments2785 Words   |  11 Pagesthe exception in business† (Smith 19). Although deception is common in the corporate world, there are always outbursts of trauma and disturbance every time the business history observes the occurrence of major fraud, failures and other illegal acts. Enron Corporation, dubbed the most innovative company in corporate America from years 1999 to 2005 by Fortune, was not spared from the epidemic of dishonesty. The question is: what causes or influences people and society to commit and indulge in such deedsRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Accounting Profession2258 Words   |  10 Pagesfraudulent reporting. In this paper, we will examine one of the largest hallmark scandals in history. Using this example as the backdrop, we will then discuss the circumstances in which the risk of accounting fraud is highest. We will also touch on the systematic aspect of how they can occur. This will lead into a discussion of what has been done to attempt to rectify the situation and the perceived effectiveness of the solutions. Finally , we will discuss some proposed alternative ways that we can detectRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Business Ethics1624 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2001, Enron a Houston-based commodities energy and service corporation kept huge debts off the balance sheets. This resulted in shareholders losing $74 billion, thousands of employees and investors losing their retirement accounts and many employees lost their jobs (Accounting-Degree.org, 2015). Crane and Matten (2010) argue â€Å"After all, despite many years of business ethics being researched and taught in colleges and universities, ethics problems persist and the public remains sceptical of the

Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay - 1381 Words

William Shakespeares Othello is a remarkable tale of trust, deceitfulness, lust and the most destructive of human emotions: vengeance and hatred. Iago better known as Othellos antagonist embodies vengeance and hatred to move an agenda to squash all who oppose Iagos plans. As defined by Merrium-Webster the definition of a protagonist is a principal character in a literary work or a leading actor, character, or participant in a literary work. Othello by Shakespeare is a play about Othello an example of a tragic hero with all figures centered around Othello as the protagonist yet, Othello has two main leading characters. Iago and Othello have stark contrasts as leading roles and different themes represented through the actions, words, and†¦show more content†¦As a masterful leading machiavellian character Iago exploits the flaw all characters poses in Othello which is faith versus doubt in others. A powerful role to mold an entire play behind the goal of a singular entity under the eyes of a scholar qualifies as a protagonist( Hull). Iago breaks the boundaries that define antagonist or protagonist by being complex enough and having enough lines that place him on par if not above Othello (West 42 ). The main flaw in the protagonist argument is how Iago is a static character without any clear transformation. Evidence from his lack of change exist in act one and to the final act is continuously lying and trying to create chaos. Antagonist or protagonist Iagos actions qualify as morally wrong when usually a protagonist that drives the plot is working for good; however, by definition a protagonist is not inertly of good moral code. ( Hull) Iago has an interesting set of flaws and advantages showing characteristics of a psychopath. Without flaws Iago would lose his humane characteristics and potentially lose the audiences interest ( West 13). Iago has no positive moral compass and an unexplained desire to destroy friend or foe even after the fact that Othello m urders Desdemona qualifies the character as psychotic. Iago even recognizes his planning of evil actions to ruin Othello as simply a game Let us be conjunctive against him. If thou canst cuckold him, thou dost thyself a pleasure, me a sport. (Act 1 SceneShow MoreRelated Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesIago in Othello  Ã‚      In William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello we see a morally depraved character, perhaps a very mentally sick individual, named Iago. His personality and development during the play is the subject of this essay. In Shakespeare’s Four Giants Blanche Coles comments on the mental illness that appears to afflict the despicable Iago: When such old time critics as H. N. Hudson, who wrote nearly a hundred years ago, saw that Iago was not acting from revenge, one is moreRead More Shakespeares Othello - Iago Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesOthello’s Iago  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   We find in William Shakespeare’s tragic play Othello an example of personified evil. He is the general’s ancient, Iago, and he wreaks havoc and destruction on all those under his influence.    Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar in â€Å"The Engaging Qualities of Othello† comment on how the character of Iago is the wholly expected type of villain for an Elizabethan audience:      Iago at once captures the attention of the spectator. He is the personificationRead More Iago, the Outsider of Shakespeare’s Othello1744 Words   |  7 Pagesrecurring dark theme there always must be an outsider from humanity who somehow stands out from the seemingly equal community. In the case of Shakespeare’s Othello the outsider from humanity would be Iago for he truly stands out from the rest of society. Although Othello may be physically put out of the community, it seems that on an emotional and egotistical level Iago puts himself out of society further then Othello’s blackness does. He is not merely manipulative, as other villains are; he turns aspectsRead More Honest Iago of Shakespeares Othello Essay798 Words   |  4 PagesHonest Iago of Othello   Ã‚  Ã‚   To most of the world William Shakespeare is recognized as the greatest dramatist in history.   His plays have been performed for centuries through various interpretations.   Shakespeares vast knowledge, and writing style made his works interesting for both the intellectual, and the illiterate.   One of these styles is the use of motifs, which is seen extensively in Othello.   An important example that runs throughout Othello, is Iagos honesty.   This motif gaveRead More Iago in William Shakespeares Othello Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesIago in William Shakespeares Othello William Shakespeare, born: 1564 died: 1616, is considered one of the greatest writers who has ever lived. He had a unique way of putting things into words. All of his plays, sonnets, and poems have gotten great recognition. But when Shakespeare wrote Othello he created one of the most controversial villains of all times; Iago. He is best described as disturbing, ruthless, and amoral. No other character can even come close to his evil (Iago: The 1). IagoRead More The Character of Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesCharacter of Iago       The old clichà © One bad apple ruins the bunch is what enters ones mind when discussing the villainous, deceitful, protagonist Iago in Shakespeares tragedy Othello. It is amazing how one person alone can completely destroy, or deteriorate a group of good natured, trusting, loyal peoples lives in a matter of days- three to be exact. What is the motive behind Iagos heinous, selfish acts, one may ask? A rather obvious theme in the Shakespeares tragedy, Othello, isRead More Shakespeares Othello - Troubled Iago Essay2005 Words   |  9 PagesTroubled Iago        Ã‚   Unquestionably the most perfidious character within the cast of Shakespeare’s Othello is the cunning Iago. He spends his life, it would seem, taking revenge on the general and destroying nearly everyone around himself. Helen Gardner in â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune† elaborates on Iago’s exact function and place in the play: . . . Iago ruins Othello by insinuating into his mind the question, ‘How do you know?’ The tragic experience with which this playRead MoreMalignant Iago of Shakespeares Othello Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pages      Pure evil is like a cancerous plague that harms all those who come upon it.   In the tragic play â€Å"Othello† by William Shakespeare, Iago is a character that represents pure evil – a malignant cancer to all those around him.   His evil is exposed through his choice of words, his ability to manipulate people, and his opportunistic ways.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First, Iago’s evil is shown through his choice of words that demonstrate his vulgarity and his sinister intentions.   Iago’s language is extremely baseRead More Villainous Iago of Shakespeares Othello Essay1841 Words   |  8 PagesVillainous Iago of Othello  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Who can compare in depth of evil to the villainous Iago in William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello? His villainy is incomparably destructive on all of those around him.    Iago’s very language reveals the level at which his evil mind works. Francis Ferguson in â€Å"Two Worldviews Echo Each Other† describes the types of base, loathsome imagery used by the antagonist Iago when he â€Å"slips his mask aside† while awakening Brabantio:    Iago is lettingRead MoreIago of William Shakespeares Othello Essay885 Words   |  4 PagesIago of William Shakespeares Othello Iago has a great understanding of people and how they will react to different situations and this skill allows him to control the action so neatly that it as if is he himself is the playwright. He has no regard for the thoughts of others and skilfully manipulates those around him to trick them to play a part in a strategy he has so meticulously planned, for example, the brawl scene. But by no means does he carry out his plans regardless

Materials and Methods Free Essays

All of these Jobs were processed by a screening tool called the Physical Demands Analysis Worksheet. With this work sheet along with feedback from the worker we were able to determine and make an early hypothesis at the Jobs with the highest biomedical risk. Once the specific risk factors of the job have been identified, we can then use ergonomic analysis tools and guideline comparisons to pacifically quantify the Job demands. We will write a custom essay sample on Materials and Methods or any similar topic only for you Order Now The specific analysis tools that we will use to identify the Job stresses are DSSSL, AD Watch. NOSH lift/pull/push equations and table guidelines, Snoop carrying/left/lower/push/pull equations, and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment. The assumption made when gathering Information on the worker Is to assume all workers have the same/scalar dimensions as the worker being analyzed for this job. For the job demands that require the worker to use low back moments (skate sharpening, boxes off shelf, Winter stagier and skate filter tasks) the analysis tools that will be used are DSSSL and AD Watch. The collected data used came from measuring the weights of the objects and subject by a simple weight scale assuming no peculations between loads. Other measuring devices such as measuring tapes to measure distances and heights, galvanometer to measure Joint angles, camera for picture to analyze after work site analysis and force gauge to measure push and pull forces. These models will be used to measure the outputs and compare them to the Action Limits and/or Maximal Permissible Limit. In order to find out which tasks exceed the Action Limits and/or Maximal Permissible Limit of the compression or shear forces along the spine measurements of postures and loads must be collected. Once the data Is collected and calculated the comparison will be between the actual comparison will be between the two Joint models; DSSSL and AD Watch to determine the optimal Joint loads and increase the validity of the results. Shoulder tasks will also be analyzed by the DSSSL for awkward shoulder movements and postures with loads. Other Job demands(snowboard waxing, boxes off shelf, winter Steiner, Skate Filter-lifting) that require lifting, pushing, pulling, and carrying will be calculated using NOSH equations. These calculations require the data collection of the repetition of the task, the distance traveled via pushing/carrying/lifting by using measuring tape, force(load) by using a force gauge or weight scale, and general information about the individual. The comparisons will be between the calculated results and the NOSH and SNOOP guidelines and also a comparison between the woo guidelines. To properly interpret the data to encompass a wide range of workers we will general construct our data for worse case scenarios or for workers of the Male 10th %. Lastly the Rigid Upper Limb Assessment will determine what risks are in upper limbed tasks(skate sharpening, snowboard waxing, winter Steiner, and skate filter tasks) by using Joint angles (measured by goniometry) and loads (measured by force gauge or weight scales). The comparison is within the assessment based on the resultant number. The purpose of all the assessments is to identify and quantify the risk of injury to understand the location of the risk and therefore investigate possible solutions. When considering our recommendations we will re-assess the risk factors using the same tools for the same Jobs to compare and note improvements. An assumption made for this particular tool is to neglect any lower limb contributions to the risk of injury when performing the tasks. Also another assumption is using this model for non-static work such as snowboard waxing. How to cite Materials and Methods, Papers

Walt Disney Company free essay sample

Walt Disney Company is famed for its creativity, strong global brand, and uncanny ability to take service and experience businesses to higher levels. In the early 1990s, then-CEO Michael Eisner looked to the fast-food industry as a way to draw additional attention to the Disney presence outside of its theme parks its retail chain was highly successful and growing rapidly. A fast-food restaurant made sense from Eisner’s perspective since Disney’s theme parks had already mastered rapid, high-volume food preparation, and, despite somewhat undistinguished food and high prices (or perhaps because of), all its in-park restaurants were extremely profitable. From this inspiration, Mickey’s Kitchen was launched. The first two locations were opened in California and in a suburb of Chicago, adjacent to existing Disney stores. Menu items included healthy, child-oriented fare like Jumbo Dumbo burgers and even a meatless Mickey Burger. Eisner thought that locating each restaurant next to existing Disney stores was sure to increase foot traffic through both venues. Less than two years later Disney closed down the California and Chicago stores and shuttered further expansion plans. Eisner cited overwhelming competition from McDonalds and general oversaturation in the fast-food industry as the primary reasons for closing down the failing Mickey’s Kitchen. [a] Based on your own knowledge of Disney and the information provided in the scenario, does Disney appear to create value in its businesses primarily through a cost-leadership or through a differentiation strategy? Cost leadership strategy means selling the goods at the cheapest price in the market. The logic of the cost leadership strategy approach is driven by volume and market share where more sales than any other competitors lead to greater profitability. Essential to this generic competitive strategy is efficiency and the ability to keep costs to a minimum. Organizations that achieve the greatest possible defining their market position as one of being a lower-priced substitute to another product or service. Differentiation Strategy involves selecting one or more criteria used by buyers in a market and then positioning the business uniquely to meet those criteria. This strategy is usually associated with charging a premium price for the product often to reflect the higher production costs and extra value-added features provided for the consumer. Differentiation is about charging a premium price that more than covers the additional production costs, and about giving customers clear reasons to prefer the product over other, less differentiated products. As Walt Disney Company is famed for its creativity and strong global brand, Disney appear to create value in its business primarily through a differentiation strategy. [b] What resources and value-chain activities did Disney try to leverage through the opening of Mickey’s Kitchen? Walt Disney Company has financial support on Mickey’s Kitchen opening. Moreover, Disney’s theme parks had already mastered rapid, high volume food preparation and undistinguished food. The primary and support activities in the company and its theme park is an advantage to the opening of Mickey’s Kitchen. The primary activity are inbound and outbound logistics, operations, marketing and sales, and service. The support activities which is a secondary activity are procurement (e. g; sourcing and negotiating with materials supplier), human resources management, technology development and infrastructure. These resources and value chain activities provided Mickey’s Kitchen with strong based to enter the fast-food industry. [c] Why do you think that Mickey’s Kitchen failed? Mickey’s Kitchen failed due to its CEO Michael Eisner business decision. A fast-food restaurant made sense from Eisner’s perspective since Disney’s theme parks had already mastered rapid, high-volume food preparation, and, despite somewhat undistinguished food and high prices (or perhaps because of), all its in-park restaurants were extremely profitable. Eisner thought that locating each restaurant next to existing Disney stores was sure to increase foot traffic through both venues. His sense, perspective and thought were not supported with any facts and research based. Referring to the HBR articles discussed in previous class titled â€Å"Stop Making Decisions That Waste Time and Money†, many managers rely on gut instinct to make important decisions, which often leads to poor results. On the contrary, when managers insist on incorporating logic and evidence, they make better choices and their companies benefit. The articles recommended three ways to introduce evidence-based management at the company: 1. Demand evidence. Whenever anyone makes a compelling claim, ask for supporting data. Dont take someones word for it. 2. Examine logic. Look closely at the evidence and be sure the logic holds up. Be on the lookout for faulty cause-and-effect reasoning. 3. Encourage experimentation. If you dont have evidence, create some. Invite managers to conduct small experiments to test the viability of proposed strategies and use the resulting data to guide decisions. Eisner should create evidence by developing information system to understand customer’s preferences. Menu items included healthy, child-oriented fare like Jumbo Dumbo burgers and even a meatless Mickey Burger probably not the customer’s preferences.

Professional Log Counselling

One of the key conditions from Carl Rogers’s humanistic theory is congruence; the other two are unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding. Congruence is the act of being real or genuine, and it helps in making therapists more empathic towards their clients (Mearns Thorne, 2007, p. 119).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Professional Log: Counselling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This involves the therapist coming down to the level of the client by dropping titles such as doctor, professor, psychoanalyst and psychotherapist. The fear that clients have for the titles, coupled with the way some therapists present themselves with authority, create a barrier that in most cases intimidates them, making them unable to open up (Irving Dickson, 2006, p. 184). For a genuine conversation to take place, the client must be treated as an equal partner, failure to which he tailors the answers to match what he perceives as the therapist’s expectations. Clients should act as catalysts to the healing process as each person with a psychological condition has a significant role to play in his or her recovery (Rogers, 1951, p. 60). By realising one’s abilities, one can find solutions to the troubles that disturb him or her. Consequently, the therapist should only act as a medium for communication but should not provide solutions to the client (Rogers, 1951, p. 71). The counsellor’s role is to offer structure and guidance with the intention of enabling the client to discover the solution to his problem by himself. The importance of congruence is that it helps the counsellor to come into a direct contact with the client; as a result, the client’s feelings can be communicated without any barriers. The orientation and mind-set of the counsellor are instrumental in the decisions made by the client (Rogers, 1951, p. 64).Advertising Looking for criti cal writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, when one visits a show room, it is possible to know that the salesperson’s smile is not real and is only generously being offered since he is after a sale. Congruence also dissolves the strangeness of the counsellor; inscrutability evokes the misapprehension of power while openness dissolves it (Mearns Thorne, 2007, p. 124). However, authority dynamics are important forces in the friendly one-to-one associations, which can be abused or misinterpreted. Another importance of congruence occurs when the counsellor is willing to disclose his own weaknesses. The therapist can become powerless, confused, mistaken and sometimes apologetic as a result of his congruent reaction towards the client (Mearns Thorne, 2007, p. 125). This therapist’s openness on his weaknesses can bring about self-acceptance in a client who spends his life in fright of his flaw s (Mearns Thorne, 2007, p. 125). The other important factor relates to the key objective of counselling where the client is willing to be congruent himself. Every client looks forward to represent his or her feelings in an accurate and straightforward way rather than disguising or hiding them (Mearns Thorne, 2007, p. 125). Consequently, the therapist cannot display something that contradicts the required therapeutic outcome; it would be both perverse and inappropriate for the counsellor to look forward to furthering the client’s congruence if he remains incongruent himself. Self-actualisation is the highest out of the five levels of needs in the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs’ model. Although it is the desire of everyone to make advances in life, one must first satisfy the lower needs before moving up the ladder.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Professional Log: Counselling specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Self-actualisation, being the highest level of needs, is achieved when an individual realises his or her potential and gets pinnacle experiences. Human beings have an underlying ability to actualise, which aims to grow all capacities in a way that enhances one’s autonomy (Rogers, 1959, p. 48). The tendency is productive and directional; it occurs naturally within every human being and can only be suppressed but not destroyed. The propensity to actualise comprises of tension, need, all motivations, drive reductions, pleasure-seeking, and creative tendencies (Rogers, 1959, p. 63). The role of this theory is to help people strive to unearth their fulfilment and the accomplishment of their potential. Individuals have innate vast resources for self understanding and changing their basic attitudes, self-concepts and self-directed behaviour (Rogers, 1959, p. 64). The importance of these possessions is that they can be harnessed if a definable environment of facilitative psychological thoughts is provided. When parents provide encouraging but conditional regard to their children, they reject the desired qualities contrary to when they receive unconditional consideration (Rogers, 1959, p. 71). The therapist is supposed to provide such unconditional support and acceptance to the client to enable him to move forward in his expedition to self-discovery. Essentially, each person is good and wants to achieve the best with the driving force in them, which is the actualising tendency that catapults human beings to reach their greatest potential physically, emotionally and spiritually (Rogers, 1951, p. 102). When this natural force is suppressed, one realises emotional suffering and pain, and never reaches his or her full potential. The counsellor should be aware of this and ultimately guide the clients to choose behaviours and actions that can help them to grow and communicate better.Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The role of self-actualisation is to measure the degree or extent of achievement of an individual (McMillan, 2004). This is because an individual might possess exceptional talent that is underutilised; in worse cases, he may not even know that he has such ability. Such persons are unable to unlock their potential and may need to see a counsellor for proper guidance. Teachers, parents and other senior members of the society have the moral responsibility to spot and guide accordingly, all the students and young people who are unable to utilise their potential fully. Self-actualised people are those individuals who are satisfied or fulfilled and do all that they are capable of (Maslow, 1962, p. 63). The development of self-actualisation refers to the necessity for personal growth that is present throughout a person’s life (Maslow, 1962, p.64). When an individual self-actualises, he is capable of finding out the sense of life that is significant to him. Everyone is theoretically capable of self-actualising but many people do not do so or only do it at a limited degree. The importance of self-actualisation is that one develops desirable characteristics such as accepting oneself, being problem-centred rather than selfish, having an unusual sense of humour, being highly creative and adopting democratic attitudes among others. There are several behaviours that lead to self-actualisation such as avoiding pretence, taking responsibility, understanding life during childhood, and trying new things as opposed to sticking to secure paths (Maslow, 1968, p. 72). Self–actualisation also helps individuals, especially parents, to enable their children to grow in an environment where they can achieve their full potential. The children raised up in an environment of congruence have higher chances of actualising. The people who are raised in incongruent surroundings have very little chances of doing so and only feel worthy if they match the incongruent conditions they were taught (Rogers, 1959, p. 84). Lastly, self-actualisation assists in developing the country as one indivisible unit, which reduces the number of internal conflicts. Countries with many actualised people are more productive, both economically and socially, compared to those with fewer such individuals. This is because self-actualised individuals are able to come up with discoveries that help in resolving societal problems or the challenges that their fellow citizens face. For one to be self-actualised he has to satisfy all the other needs and the ones that are left unfulfilled can be done as leisure. This helps in reducing psychological conditions such as stress on the country’s population and as a result, it increases the life expectancy of the citizens. Such countries also experience few or no cases of internal conflicts such as civil wars. In conclusion, it is important for the counsellor to self-actualise and be in congruence with the client in order to create effecti ve results. This is because during the process of counselling, the therapist expects the client to be congruent and it is important for him to do the same. Additionally, congruence brings in a sense of equality and this builds up the conversation; effective communication can only occur if the client feels he or she is an equal partner and does not threatened. However, self-actualisation does not imply perfection; instead, it means being able to achieve one’s potential to the highest degree possible (Maslow, 1968, p. 90). References Irving, P., Dickson, D. (2006). A re-conceptualisation of Rogers’ core conditions: Implications for research, practice and training. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 28(2), 183-194. Maslow, A. H. (1962). Towards a psychology of being. Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand Company. Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a psychology of being. New York, NY: D. Van Nostrand Company. McMillan, M. (2004). The person-centred approach to t herapeutic change. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Mearns, D., Thorne, B. (2007). The person centred counselling in action (3rd ed.). London: Sage Publications Ltd. Rogers, C. (1951). Client-Centred therapy: Its current practice, implications and theory. London: Constable. Rogers, C. (1959). A Theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships as developed in the client-centred framework. A Study of a Science, Formulations of the Person and the Social Context, 3, 184-256. This critical writing on Professional Log: Counselling was written and submitted by user Jordan L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Using Sample Essays As a Guide

Using Sample Essays As a GuideWhen you need to write a sample essay on positive effects of living in a foreign country, you may find yourself having difficulties to decide on the topic. You could get hold of any number of sample essays that are available online.This article will provide some tips for the first time essay writer who is wanting to learn more about how to use samples as a guide to writing a sample essay on positive effects of living in a foreign country. It can be confusing when it comes to choosing a sample topic because so many sample topics are available and you may not know which one to choose.The most important thing to remember is that you should always choose a topic that is meaningful to you and matches your writing style. There are several things that you should consider when choosing a topic for your sample essay on positive effects of living in a foreign country. Remember, you want to choose a topic that you feel comfortable with, but also one that is appropr iate for the course you are writing.One thing to consider when choosing a sample essay on positive effects of living in a foreign country is whether or not you want to include a personal account. You don't want to have your student trying to apply what he learned from the article for his social studies class. Also keep in mind that personal accounts are usually written with a specific audience in mind, and therefore the context of the article should also be relevant to that audience.The next thing to do is to ask yourself some simple questions. You can ask yourself questions like these: How does this topic relate to my interests? What information do I wish to present?Next, you want to find a topic that will be interesting to your reader. It will help if you determine what your readers are interested in. For example, if you are writing an essay on how to improve the English speaking skills of foreigners in a foreign country, you will want to select topics that relate to improving Eng lish skills. However, you may also want to select topics that relate to increasing an international readership or more.After determining what your readers are interested in, you will want to look at other things as well. Some things to consider is how is the topic presented? How many opinions does it reflect?These are just a few ideas for you to consider when deciding what to write about in your essay. In addition, using a sample essay on positive effects of living in a foreign country can help you gain valuable experience and confidence as you begin to write more advanced topics.

Nitrogen essays

Nitrogen essays Nitrogen is nonmetallic, odorless, colorless, and tasteless gas. Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the earths atmosphere. Rutherford discover nitrogen in 1772. On the periodic table of elements Nitrogen is diatomic and has the chemical symbol of N. The atomic number is 7, and its atomic weight is 14. There are 7 protons, neutrons, and electrons in a nitrogen atom. The gas can be condensed in liquid state that has a boiling point of -195.8 degrees celcius or froze at -209.9 degrees celcius. Even though nitrogen does not combine easily with other elements, the atoms are parts of many chemical There are many uses of nitrogen. Manufacturers can obtain pure nitrogen by making liquid air. After that they separate the nitrogen from the oxygen and other gases in air by distillation. After distilled nitrogen is collected under pressure in specially designed metal containers. The most important use of nitrogen is in the production of ammonia (NH3). Ammonia is used as a fertilizer, as a refridgerant, and in the production of nitric acid and other chemicals. Nitrogen compounds are also important to the making of drugs, dyes, explosives, poisons, and synthetic fibers. Nitrogen is one of the most important elements on the periodic table. All organisms must have nitrogen to live. Proteins are formed of amino acids, which nitrogen is part of all the amino acids. Nitrogen is always being removed from the air and teturned to it in a series of chemical reactions known as the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycly is the circulation of nitrogen among the atmosphere, the soil and water, and the plants and animals of the earth. People influence the nitrogen cycle, but it is harmful to the atmosphere. The use of nitrogen fertilizers adds nitrogen to the soil, and then rain water carries unused fertilizer and other nitrogen compounds into streams and lakes, where the ...

Phoebus Apollos Partners, Progeny, and Family

Phoebus Apollo's Partners, Progeny, and Family Apollo  is the only principal god who has  the same name in Greek and  Roman  mythology.  He is portrayed as  a blend of physical superiority and moral virtue  and rules over a long list of objects and pursuits, ranging from  the  sun  and light, music and poetry, and healing and plagues to prophecy and knowledge, order and beauty, and archery and agriculture. He would seem to be busy, but he has had time to mate or attempt to mate with a long list of women and some men, siring many children along the way, mostly males. Apollos Women Marpessa: daughter of Euenos. Their offspring was Kleopatra, wife of Meleager, although her father may have been Idas.Chione: daughter of Daedalion. Their son was Philammon, sometimes said to be the son of Philonis.Koronis: daughter of AzanDaphne: daughter of GaiaArsinoe: daughter of Leukippos. Their son was Asklepios (Asclepius).Kassandra (Cassandra)Kyrene: Their son was AristaiosMelia: an Oceanid. Their child was Teneros.Eudne: daughter of Poseidon. Their son was Iamos.Thero: daughter of Phylas. Their child was ChaironPsamathe: daughter of Krotopos. Their son, Linos, was killed by dogs.Philonis: daughter of Deion. Their son, Philammon, was the first man to train choruses of young women, though sometimes his mother is given as Chione.Chrysothemis: Their child, Parthenos, was Apollos only daughter,  who became the constellation Virgo after an early death. Apollos Men Hyakinthos: attested in Ovid Met. 10.162-219Kyparissos: attested in Ovid Met. 10.106-42 The Ones Who Got Away Apollos most famous love was Daphne, a nymph who was vowed to Artemis, the goddess of the hunt and chastity, that she would remain eternally innocent. But Apollo fell for her and stalked her until Daphne could take it no more. She asked her father, the river god Peneus, to transform her into something else, and he made her a laurel tree. Apollo swore he would love her forever and from that day he has worn a laurel wreath as a token of his love. In an attempt to seduce the Trojan princess Cassandra, Apollo gave her  the gift of prophecy, but she eventually bailed out. Apollo  wasn’t allowed to recall his gift, but he found a way to spoil it: He took away her  powers of persuasion. So, even though her prophecies are always right, nobody believes her. More About Apollo The meaning of the name Apollo  is debated. Candidates for translations include  destroyer,† â€Å"redemptory,† â€Å"purifier,† â€Å"assembler,† and â€Å"stony.† Most scholars link his  name to the Greek word  apella,  meaning â€Å"a sheepfold† and suggesting that Apollo might originally have been merely a protector of flocks and herds instead of the many-faceted god he became. Apollo is the son of Zeus, the king of the Greek gods,  and Leto, one of Zeus many lovers.  She  incurred the wrath of Hera,  Zeus wife, who sent the dragon Python  after her rival. Apollo is considered the most perfectly developed male.  Beardless and athletically built, he is often depicted with the laurel crown on his head and either a bow and arrow or a lyre in his hands. Resources and Further Reading Gantz, Timothy. Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources. Johns Hopkins University, 1996.â€Å"Apollo, Greek God of the Sun and Light.† GreekMythology.com, 2019.

Describe the structures and regulatory mechanisms essential for both Essay

Describe the structures and regulatory mechanisms essential for both quiet and heavy breathing - Essay Example As diaphragm contracts and moves down, the chest cavity is enlarged reducing lung pressure. Air moves in to equalize the pressure. When the diaphragm relaxes, it moves back to its original position pushing air out due to the increased pressure in the chest cavity. In heavy breathing, many other muscles are involved. During the inspiration process, the lower ribs are raised up and out by the external intercostal muscles. The process increases lateral as well as anterposterior proportions of the thorax. Sternomastoids and the scalene muscles also aid the process by helping raise and push the sternum and the upper ribs2. This creates a pressure gradient which draws air into the alveoli. Unlike quiet expiration which is predominantly passive, heavy expiration requires the functioning of several muscles. The most important muscles here are the ones making up the abdominal wall. They include the internal and external obliques and the rectus abdominus. The transverse abdominus also plays a role in the process. These abdominal wall muscles raise the intra- abdominal pressure by contracting3. It results in the pushing up of the diagram. The upward movement raises the pleural and alveolar pressure thus driving air out. The ribs are also pushed down and in during heavy expiration by the internal intercostals. The breathing rate is controlled by the respiratory center in the brainstem. It is responsible for sending signals to the various respiratory muscles thus dictating when to breathe. The spinal cord is directed to maintain breathing by the medulla4. A part of the brain called the pons, located near the medulla, is key in smoothening the breathing and respiration pattern. Synchronization occurs between the involved neural centers and the muscle movement in order to ensure smooth breathing. The control occurs automatically and continuously. One

Regulation of cancer cell proliferation using siRNA tchnology Research Paper - 2

Regulation of cancer cell proliferation using siRNA tchnology - Research Paper Example The cancer stem cells are connected to maintain the unlimited and self-renewal growth capabilities of cancer while only consist of a small potion of the tumor. Consequently, cancer stem cells could be responsible for tumor progression, metastasis, and drug/treatment resistance development. Other studies have proved that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) play a big on what genes are expressed or not expressed through gene silencing capabilities. Excitingly, siRNAs might provide some new perception into the complexities of cancer. These siRNA molecules could hold a huge potential therapeutically in the fight against cancer. This paper, discuses the functions of siRNAs and cancer stem cells and explain the link between these 2 topics. The paper also present methods to employ in current and forthcoming research to study the topics and expound upon different molecular therapy options that may have implications in altering cancer stem cells dysregulation and fighting

The Human Genome Project: Advantages and Disadvantages

The Human Genome Project: Advantages and Disadvantages The Human Genome Project was an international research effort to determine the sequence of the human genome and identify the genes that it contains. After the idea was picked up in 1984 by the US government when the planning started, the project formally began in 1990 and was completed in 2003, 2 years ahead of its original schedule. The Project was coordinated by the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Energy. Additional contributors included universities across the United States and international partners in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, and China. Goals The main goals of the Human Genome Project were to provide a complete and accurate sequence of the 3 billion DNA base pairs that make up the human genome and to find all of the estimated 20,000 to 25,000 human genes. The sequence would act as a template for the annotation of genes discovered in the future: if a geneticist found a novel gene that increases the risk for breast cancer, for instance, she should be able to decipher its precise location and sequence by mapping it to the master sequence of the human genome. By comparing abnormal genes to the normal genes in the template, the geneticist would be able to map the mutation responsible for causing the disease. Benefits The potential benefit of a comprehensive sequencing effort was highlighted by the isolation of disease-linked genes such as Huntingtons disease, Cystic Fibrosis, and the most common breast-cancer-associated gene, BRCA1. The one-gene-at-a-time approach was very inefficient and laborious. It only worked for monogenic diseases. But most common human diseases are genomic polygenic diseases caused by multiple genes spread diffusely throughout the human genome. Cancer and mental illnesses are examples of genomic diseases. Public versus Private Approaches In 1998, a similar, privately funded quest was launched by the American researcher Craig Venter, and his firm Celera Genomics. Venter was a scientist at the NIH during the early 1990s when the project was initiated. The $300,000,000 Celera effort was intended to proceed at a faster pace and at a fraction of the cost of the roughly $3 billion publicly funded project. Celera used a technique called whole genome shotgun sequencing, employing pairwise end sequencing, which had been used to sequence bacterial genomes of up to six million base pairs in length, but not for anything nearly as large as the three billion base pair human genome. Celera initially announced that it would seek patent protection on only 200-300 genes, but later amended this to seeking intellectual property protection on fully-characterized important structures amounting to 100-300 targets. The firm eventually filed preliminary (place-holder) patent applications on 6,500 whole or partial genes. Celera also promised to publish their findings in accordance with the terms of the 1996 Bermuda Statement, by releasing new data annually (the HGP released its new data daily), although, unlike the publicly funded project, they would not permit free redistribution or scientific use of the data. Ultimately, Celera afreed to provide free access to academic researchers but with several important constraints. Although a working draft was announced on June 26, 2000 (jointly by U.S. President Bill Clinton and the British Prime Minister Tony Blair), it was not until February 2001 that Celera and the HGP scientists published details of their drafts. These drafts covered about 83% of the genome (90% of the euchromatic regions with 150,000 gaps and the order and orientation of many segments not yet established). In February 2001, at the time of the joint publications, press releases announced that the project had been completed by both groups. Improved drafts were announced in 2003 and 2005, filling in to approximately 92% of the sequence currently. The Book of Man It has 3,088,286,401 letters of DNA It is divided into twenty-three pairs of chromosomes. All other apes have twenty-four pairs. It encodes about 20,687 genes in total only 1,796 more than worms, and 12,000 fewer than corn. It is fiercely inventive. Gene regulation and gene splicing are used more extensively in the human genome than in the genome of other organisms. It squeezes complexity out of simplicity, produces near-infinite functional variations out of its limited repertoire. It is dynamic. In some cells, it reshuffles its own sequence to make novel variant of itself. Parts of it are surprisingly beautiful. An enormous proportion (about 98%) is not dedicated to genes per se, but to enormous stretches of DNA that are interspersed between genes (intergenic DNA) or within genes (introns). These stretches encode no RNA, and no protein. It is encrusted with history. It has repeated elements that appear frequently. It has enormous gene family genes that resemble each other and perform similar functions which often cluster together. It contains thousands of pseudogenes genes that were once functional but ahve become nonfunctional, ie, they give rise to no protein or RNA. It accommodates enough variation to make each one of us distinct, but enough consistency to make each of us different from other species. Its first gene, on chromosome one, encodes a protein that senses smell in the nose. Its last gene, on chromosome X, encodes a protein that modulates the interaction between cells of the immune system. The ends of its chromosomes are marked with telomeres. Like the little bits of plastic at the ends of shoelaces, these sequences of DNA are designed to protect the chromosomes from fraying and degenerating. Although we fully understand the genetic code ie how the information in a single gene is used to build protein we comprehend virtually nothing of the genomic code ie, how multiple genes spead across the human genome coordinaet gene expression in space and time to build, maintain, and repair a human organism It imprints and erases chemical marks on itself in response to alterations in its environment thereby encoding a form of cellular memory. It is poised to evolute. It is littered with the debris of its past. Gandhi: The Hindu-Muslim Gap Gandhi: The Hindu-Muslim Gap Introduction The opening years of the twentieth century were stormy. That was the time when the greatest catastrophe of history took place. The political scenario was undergoing a change. The British were beginning to feel a bit uneasy. Discontentment was brewing. Political discontent was growing due to the inability of the government to organize effective relief during the period of plague and famine. In order to stem the discontent, the British played the political trump card with great aplomb. For the first time, they used their divide-and-rule political game with great force. From 1870 onwards, the British started inciting the Hindus and the Muslims to form their own political parties to establish their distinct religious identities. That was perhaps, the beginning of the communalisation of politics. The British not only encouraged the two communities to form political parties along religious lines, they took various constructive steps to create a situation whereby Hindus and Muslims would be forced to think in a way as if their religious identity is at peril. This effort culminated in the partition of Bengal in 1905. The partition was made along communal lines. The British had realized that a united India was a strong India and thus they decided to separate Hindus and Muslims, the major population of India. As a result India would not be united and would remain weak. The British continued this strategy of divide and rule and finally India was divided. This policy left a deep impact on the Indians, the communal hatred between Hindus and Muslim is still prevalent and has taken a major form. This has resulted in many riots and caused major harm to life and property. Revolt of 1857 The British East India Company came to India as traders but slowly took over the rule in India and in no time the whole of India was under the British rule. India was the largest and the most important colony of Britain. They made immense profits in their rule, but they treated Indians as an inferior race. Indians were tortured and treated like slaves, they were forced to grow Indigo and as a result the cottage industries suffered a heavy setback. Slowly over a period of time Indians realized about their rights and got to know about nationalism. They also fought for freedom in numerous revolts, but all of them were crushed as the Indians were not united. Some of the famous revolts were the Santhal Rebellion, Indigo revolts and many more. These small revolts took shape of a national movement and emerged in the form of the revolt of 1857 https://mail.google.com/mail/images/cleardot.gif The greatest and the most widespread armed uprising which shook the foundations of the British rule in India was the Revolt Of 1857.The accumulating hatred against British rule which had resulted in numerous, though localized, outbreaks burst in a mighty rebellion in 1857.The dispossessed rulers of Indian states, the nobles and the zamindars who had been deprived of their lands, the Indian soldiers of Britains army in India and the vast masses of peasants, artisans and the others who had been ruined by British economic policies and had been rising up in revolts in their isolated pockets, were now united by the common aim of overthrowing British rule. The introduction of greases cartridges which showed the British rulers complete disregard of the religious beliefs of the Indian people provided the immediate cause of the revolt. The soldiers killed the British officers and marched to Delhi. They conquered Delhi and proclaimed the last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar as the emperor of India. The rebellion spread like wild fire and the British rule ceased to exist over a vast part of Northern and Central India for many months. The major centres of the revolt, besides Delhi, where some of the fiercest battles were fought were Kanpur, Lukhnow, Bareilly and Bundelkhand. This victory was short-lived as British reconquered the states and Indian rule was back in the hands of the British. The revolt was over and now the power had been transferred from the British East India Company to the British Crown. The Queen had decided herself to take care of the Indian politics as she had realized that the conditions had become far worse than expectations. Many promises were made to the Indians regarding their welfare under the Queens Proclamation, but hardly any were followed. The conditions had not improved and the same tactics were used in a minor form. Rise of Indian Nationalism Nationalism is a sentiment based on common cultural characteristics that binds a population and often produces a policy of national independence or separatism. It involves the feeling of oneness and brotherhood for your own countrymen. The growth of Indian nationalism started in the nineteenth century. Political unification of India, fall of Indias old social and economic system, the beginning of modern trade and industry and the rise of new social classes laid the basis of nationalism. The social and religious reform movements and popular anti-British revolts contributed to the growth of nationalism. The farmers were suffering under the new land tenure systems introduced by the British government. The Indian industrialists were sad because of the economic policy of the British government. All import duties on cotton textiles were removed in 1882, which harmed the textile industry. The people of India became aware of the fact that the development of their country was not possible unless British rule was ended. There was a series of famines, which took a toll of millions of human lives, due to the indifference of the autocratic British administration. Indian Nationalism was broadly divided into three phases Moderate phase Radical phase Gandhian phase The Moderates advocated and used methods of Constitutional agitation for demanding reforms. They had faith in British and thought that the British would agree to their demands. They considered British just and kind. Some of the famous leaders were Dada Bhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Surendranath Bannerjee The Aggressive Nationalists had no faith in British rule, they thought that India could not progress under the British rule and freedom was necessary for their development. They believed that this could only be done by adopting aggressive methods. Some of the important leaders were Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra pal and Aurobindo Ghosh The Gandhian Phase was led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi; he devised the methods of Ahimsa (non-violence) and Satyagraha (insistence on truth) to attain independence. He converted the Indian freedom struggle into a mass movement; Gandhiji played a very important role in the independence of India. Partition of Bengal The decision took effect the Partition of Bengal was announced in July 1905 by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon. The partition took effect in October 1905 and separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas. The reason behind the partition that was officially announced was that the Bengal province was too large to be administered by a single governor and therefore was partitioned on administrative purpose. But the real reason behind the partition was political and not administrative. East Bengal was dominated by the Muslims and West Bengal by the Hindus. Partition was yet another part of the Divide and rule policy. Indians were outraged at what they recognise as a divide and rule policy, where the colonisers turned the native population against itself in order to rule. This partition provided an impetus to the religious divide and rule, as a result of that, All India Muslim League and All India Hindu Mahasabha was formed. Both the organisations aimed at fanning communal passions. Muslim League The All-India Muslim League was a political party during the period of the British Rule which advocated the creation of a separate Muslim-majority nation. Being a political party to secure the interests of the Muslim diaspora in British India, the Muslim League played a decisive role during the 1940s in the Indian independence movement and developed into the driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state in the Indian subcontinent. Muslim League was a political organization of India and Pakistan, founded 1906 as the All-India Muslim League by Aga Khan III. Its original purpose was to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in India. By 1940, under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, it had gained such power that, for the first time, it demanded the establishment of a Muslim state (Pakistan), despite the opposition of the Indian National Congress. During World War II the Congress was banned, but the League, which supported the British war effort, was allowed to function and gained strength. It won nearly the entire Muslim vote in the elections of 1946. The following year saw the division of the Indian subcontinent and the Muslim League became the major political party of newly formed Pakistan. By 1953, however, dissensions within the League had led to the formation of several different political parties Hindu Mahasabha Separate Electorates Separate electorate is a system of election to legislatures which divides voters along the lines of their religion or ethnicity; designed to ensure that each religious or ethnic group can elect their own representatives. In the case of separate electorates, the voting population of a country or region is divided into different electorates, based on certain factors such as religion, caste, gender, and occupation. Here, members of each electorate votes only to elect representatives for their electorate. It was used in India, prior to Independence, to guarantee representation for religious minorities. Separate electorates have been criticized as socially divisive, and for privileging one aspect of social identity above all others. In Indias pre-independence era, when the Muslims in India demanded fair representation in power-sharing with the British government along with the Hindus, the British government provided for a separate electorate system for the Muslims. As a result, of the total 250 seats of the Bengal Legislative Assembly, 117 seats were kept reserved for the Muslims. Efforts of Gandhi to bridge Hindu Muslim Gap One of the greatest contributions of Mahatma Gandhi was his unparalleled attempt at Hindu- Muslim Unity. Although he could not accomplish this task at the end still he fought for its realisation throughout his life. His always said Even if I am killed, I will not give up repeating the names of Ram and Rahim, which mean to me the same God. With these names on my lips, I will die cheerfully. He believed all religions to be true but not fallible. To Gandhiji Hindu-Muslim unity means unity not only between Hindu and Muslims but also between all those who believe India to be their home, no matter to what faith they belong. He believed that it was a criminal to quarrel over trivialities. Gandhiji knew that India could not attain freedom without Hindu Muslim unity, so he worked for the cause. To attain freedom India had to be united as one nation, they had to fight together for a common cause. He realized this and took advantage of this in the Khilafat issue. The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was a pan-Islamic, political protest campaign launched by Muslims in British India to influence the British government and to protect the Ottoman Empire during the aftermath of World War I. The position of Caliph was in danger and Ottoman Empire existence was short-lived, but the Caliph was the religious representative of the Muslims so they decided to launch a movement against the British. The Khilafat Movement was launched under the Ali Brothers, Gandhiji decided to support this movement to win the support of Muslims. Gandhiji thus strived for Hindu Muslim unity and considered Muslims as his brothers. Hindu Muslim rivalry would cause partition of India which would result in a weak India, this was exactly what the British wanted. They wanted a weak and divided India as it would be easy to govern it. This partition would result in various riots and bloodshed, it would result in a divided India, thus Gandhiji was against the partition from the start Mountbatten Plan The actual division of British India between the two new dominions was accomplished according to what has come to be known as the 3 June Plan or Mountbatten Plan. Lord Mountbatten worked out a detailed plan for the transfer of power to the Indian people. It was announced at a press conference by Mountbatten on 4 June 1947, when the date of independence was also announced 15 August 1947. The plans main points were: Hindus and Muslims in Punjab and Bengal legislative assemblies would meet and vote for partition. If a simple majority of either group wanted partition, then these provinces would be divided. Sindh was to take its own decision. The fate of North West Frontier Province and Sylhet district of Bengal was to be decided by a referendum. India would be independent by 15 August 1947. The separate independence of Bengal also ruled out. A boundary commission to be set up in case of partition. The Indian political leaders accepted the Plan on 2 June. It did not deal with the question of the princely states, but on 3 June Mountbatten advised them against remaining independent and urged them to join one of the two new dominions (India or Pakistan). Rioting The British conquest of India was accompanied by large-scale violence, sometimes directed toward the Indian civilian population. During the colonial wars of conquest, there were mass killings, but few are remembered. Violence between Hindus and Muslims is one of the most publicized features of colonial Indias history. Some, particularly Indian historian Gyan Pandey, hold that its characterization as violence between religious communities was invented by colonial administrators in the 19th century, and that it misrepresented forms of violence which were in fact extremely complex. Others see in it a faithful reflection of the actual crystallization of communitarian identities based on religion, in response to certain colonial policies. Whichever is the case, Hindu-Muslim riots became a permanent feature of the Indian political scene in the first half of the twentieth century. The main reason for these riots were the divide and rule policy which had instigated everything. These riots we re hindrance in Indias independence because they made India weak and this is what the British wanted. If India was weak then their rule would become even stronger, as a result India was divided and Hindu Muslim riots are still prevalent. Finally Partition of India The British had laid their roots long ago, now the Hindu Muslim rivalry had become severe and Partition of India now could not be stopped. The partition of India was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics. This led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan (later the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh) and the Union of India (later Republic of India) which took place in 1947, on 14 and 15 August, respectively. The partition of India was set forth in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the Indian Empire and the end of the British Raj. With the decision in favour of partition made, the parties next faced this nearly impossible task of fixing a border between the new states. The Muslims occupied two main regions in the north on opposite sides of the country, separated by a majority-Hindu section. In addition, throughout most of northern India members of the two religions were mixed together not to mention populations of Sikhs, Christians and other minority faiths. The Sikhs campaigned for a nation of their own, but their appeal was denied. On August 14, 1947, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan was founded.